高考是怎么阅读作文的【一】
Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.
The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive（正面的）than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PHD, calls them” the overpraised generation.”
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research
has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能 is genetic – you’re a born
artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent
and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego（自尊）isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the
world. But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets byencouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she
says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
( 57. What does the author think about the present generation?
A. They don’t do well at school.
B. They are often misunderstood.
C. They are eager to win in sports.
D. They are given too much praise.
( 58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .
A. doesn’t want to work hard
B. cares a lot about personal safety
C. cannot share his ideas with others
D. can succeed with the help of teachers
( 59. What does the growth mind-set believe?
A. Admitting failure is shameful.
B. Talent comes with one’s birth.
C. Scores should be highly valued.
D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
( 60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?
A. Encourage them to learn from failures.
B. Prevent them from making mistakes.
C. Guide them in doing little things.
D. Help them grow with praise.
Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact，not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.
So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities？Get ready for a short lecture，especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.
Professors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that，the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure. Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time，other faculty members study the person's work. If tenure is denied，then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.
An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.
Assistant，associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other activities.
Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead，they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.
A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time. An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position，to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.
Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes，but they may or may not have a doctorate.
1．In which column of a newspaper can the passage probably appear?
A．Education.
B．Entertainment.
C．Politics.
D．Sports.
2．Which of the following positions should have a doctoral degree?
A．Instructors and lecturers.
B．Assistant professors and instructors.
C．Lecturers and adjunct professors.
D．Assistant and adjunct professors.
3．According to Paragraph 3，how long can an assistant professor stay in his or her position at most?
A．13 years. B．12 years.
C．7 years.D．8 years.
4．Which one shows the correct order for a professor's development?
a．An assistant professor.
b．An instructor.
c．A full professor.
d．An associate professor.
A．b，a，d，c B．b，d，a，c
C．c，a，d，b D．b，c，a，d
5．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Those teaching in a university are all professors.
B．You'd better learn about it before being a professor.
C．Those without a doctoral degree can't find a job.
D．Professors in a university share the same duties.
答案：DADA，ADDAB
高考是怎么阅读作文的【二】
这世界并不缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。
——罗丹
一堆本来可以造就成不朽的艺术品的树根，被木匠认为“没用”而抛弃了。木匠上山，选的是“可用”之材，要么作柱，要么作栋，再不当用，也要作椽。这堆奇形怪状的树根做得了这些吗?做不了。难怪木匠要叹息“没用”而离它们远去。
作为木匠，他衡量木头是否有用的标准就是“实用”。其实，只要我们把视野稍微扩大一些，便可发现，像木匠这样用“实用”的眼光来看待事物的人还不在少数。找对象首先看他(她家是否有钱，评判学生首先看他的分数多少，结交朋友首先看他(她是否有利用价值……市场经济体制在促进经济发展的同时，也使人们形成了急功近利的实用主义观念。
我们是唯物主义者。我们承认人要生存，首先要解决衣食住行方面的问题。讲究一点实用，追求一点功利，本也无可厚非。但我们的目光不能只盯在“实用”和“功利”上。人为万物之灵，理应有除物欲之外的更高层次的追求。除了“实用”的眼光外，我们还要有审美的眼光。
用审美的眼光去看这个世界，可以发现许多美的东西，可以造就许多可造之才。根雕艺术家用审美的眼光发现了树根身上的美，把它们雕刻成了非常有价值的艺术品;钟子期用审美的耳朵听出了俞伯牙演奏的乐曲中的美，两人成了“高山流水”的知音;蔡元培用审美的眼光发现了行伍出身的沈从文文才的美，使沈从文成了北大著名的教授。
一堆树根在根雕艺术家的手里成了有价值的艺术品，一匹平常的马在伯乐眼里成了千里马，一块石头在天文学家眼里成了陨石，这一切都因为发现者用的是“审美”的眼光，而不是世俗的“实用”的眼光。
给我，给我一双审美的“慧眼”吧!为了奇形怪状的树根不被抛弃，为了千里马不“骈于奴隶人之手”，为了这世界上的美不再被埋没。
高考是怎么阅读作文的【三】
准确的'答题格式是：
⑴该句中某某词语有XXXX的意思，在程度/数量/范围/语气等上起了限制作用，表明了XXXX，符合事实;
⑵体现了说明文语言的准确性。
生动的答题格式是：
(1该句中某某词语使用了拟人修辞/该句使用了打比方
(或引用：多指引诗文名句、谜语、俗语等的说明方法，生动形象地说明了XX说明对象的XX特征;
(2增强了文章的文学性、趣味性/吸引读者阅读兴趣。
高考是怎么阅读作文的【四】
根据记叙文组织材料方法的不同，我们可从以下几方面来划分段落、层次：
1．按总——分——总的结构特点划分。其基本模式一般为：概括叙述或议论——具体叙述、描写——议论或抒情。例如《一件珍贵的衬衫》第一部分以议论抒情引出回忆，第二部分具体记叙我所经历的一件事，第三部分又以议论抒情呼应开头，总结全文。首尾呼应，层次分明。
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2．按时间先后的顺序划分。这类文章在行文上往往有明显的标志时间的词句，找出这些词语有助于正确划分段落层次，如《老山界》交代时间的词句有：下午、天黑了、半夜里、黎明的时候、下午两点多钟。根据这些词语，结合课文内容，很容易将文章分成三大部分：①决定翻越老山界，做好翻山准备；②一昼夜翻越老山界的经过；②翻山后感想。其中第二大段又可按时间顺序分四个小层次。
3．按地点的转移(即空间位置的变换划分，如(藤野先生＞根据地点的转换，可把课文分为三大段：①在东京的所见所感以及离开东京的原因；②在仙台与藤野先生的交往，弃医从文的原因；③在北京，对藤野先生的怀念。
4．按故事情节的发展划分，主要是文学作品中的小说和戏剧，如《变色龙》可按警官奥楚蔑洛夫审理狗咬人事件的情节发展，将课文分为三大段。
5．按思想感情的变化划分。文章若以思想感情的变化为线索，理清这条线索，也就找到了划分段落的钥匙。例如《荔枝蜜》，全文以作者对蜜蜂的感情变化为线索，即：不喜欢蜜蜂——想去看蜜蜂——赞赏蜜蜂——想变成蜜蜂。以此为据，不难将课文分为四大段。
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划分自然段内部的层次与划分文章的段落的思路大体上是一致的。但是也有一些不同，它更多地着眼于材料之间的内在逻辑联系，有的是总——分——总的关系，有的是分——总的关系，也有几层意思是并列关系或递进关系的。例如《白杨礼赞》的第五段：那是力争上游的一种树……对抗着西北风。这段文字共七句，第①句总的介绍白杨树的外形特征，第②③④⑥句分别从干、枝、叶、皮四个方面叙述它的特征(并列关系，第⑥⑦句总结白杨树的精神风貌。显然这是总——分——总的结构，认识这一点，便不难将它分为三个层次了。
高考是怎么阅读作文的【五】
要准确地概括出段意，首先要读懂段落中每一句话的.意思，还要弄清楚段内各句之间的相互关系，找出能揭示全段意思的主要句子，即所谓中心句(中心句的位置多数在段首或段末，个别也有在段中的。没有中心句的，要在理清句与句之间关系的基础上抓住贯穿全段的中心意思，用自己的话准确概括。
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1．摘句法，即摘出段落中的中心句。例如《我的老师》中第二自然段，就可摘取其中的她从来不打骂我们一句来概括段意。
2．概述法，用自己的语言概述全段的主要意思。例如《故乡》的第二部分，内容十分丰富，记述的人物事件多，可用自己的话概括：我回到故乡的所见、所闻、所感。
3．联合法。有些段落讲的不止一个意思，概括时必须用筒练的语言把几个意思表述出来，缺一不可，这就是联合内容要点加以概述。例如《记一辆纺车》的第四段，就要综合三层意思：纺线使衣着自给，纺线使大家爱惜自己制作的衣服,纺线使大家形成了新的美的观念。
值得注意的是，有些记叙性的语段虽有中心句，但是它表达的并非作者的真意，这时就不能用摘取中心句的方法来概括段意。例如《挖荠莱》的第二段第一句：小的时候，我是那么馋!以下各句具体写出了我是如何如何馋，显然这第一句是全段的中心句。但是，如果我们读懂了每句话的意思，并把握了全段大意，便可发现我的所谓馋实为饥不择食，所吃的东西并非什么好吃之物。这样，可以挖掘出中心句的潜台词，用自己的话将段
