2008奥运会英文小作文【一】
作为当今最有影响力之一的语言学理论，功能语法以社会学为导向，着重语言的功能性研究。其创始人韩礼德从儿童和成人的语言学习角度将语言功能高度理论化。根据韩的观点，儿童所使用的最原始的语言能够被简概为一套高度编码且抽象的功能，其中包含三个元功能（纯理功能）：概念功能（ideational function），人际功能（interpersonal function）以及语篇功能（textualfunction）[1]。概念功能进一步被细化为和逻辑功能，表述在我们周围及自身所发生的事情，称之为“内容（content）”。概念功能通过及物性（transitivity）来实现，及物性由六个过程组成，即物质过程，心理过程，关系过程，行为过程，言语过程和存在过程。
功能语法把用来表达一系列概念意义，抽象和具体的外部世界，以及人的意识过程的结构单位叫做小句（clause），即句子或类似句子结构的统称。一个小句包含三个功能成份：过程（process），参与者（participant），和环境（circumstantials）。其中主要成份过程代表事件或状态，参与者即从时间，地点，方式等各个层面参与的人或事功能语法，而具体的参与者功能取决于过程类型。语言的及物性和作格性能够帮助将过程进行归类，及物性把经验世界看作是一套可控的过程模式。简而言之，及物性是与概念元功能相一致的小句语法，及物性分析能够定义不同的过程类型并由此决定过程的参与者，从而明确过程与参与者之间的逻辑关系[2]。
在韩提出的六个过程中，物质，心理和关系过程是最主要的。他们作为经验理论，是语法的奠基石，呈现三种截然不同的结构，是篇章中所有小句的主体。同时，韩提出了一个假设，这三个过程在整个语言中的分布频率大致平衡。然而，他自己也承认，此理论未经证实[3]。韩礼德用来阐释六个过程的小句皆为简短且相互独立无关联的句子，而此后的相关过程模式研究也仅仅探究了口头语篇或主观自创的例句cssci期刊目录。
2008奥运会英文小作文【二】
The free day ,I want to go to Los Angeles.Because this is the second largest city in America! And the sun always seems to shine in LA!I need some suggestions. Firstly I want to join the 2 hours walking tour.because it is a so great chance .Secondly I will go shopping in Glendale Galleria. Finlly I want to citadel outlets and South coast plaza.
2008奥运会英文小作文【三】
8月1日，我们一行人乘坐春秋航班，来到了梦寐以求的海滨城市──青岛。那是一座依山傍水的美丽山城，那里有一望无际的海水浴场，有风景秀丽的崂山，还有精巧别致的红瓦绿树，真不愧为避暑度假的好地方。
我们先来到闻名的“海上名山”的崂山。我们的车行驶在崂山的盘山公路上，窗外群峰耸立，山海相接；山脚下海浪阵阵，波涛滚滚。我感到像到了人间仙境一样，令人心旷神怡。
登山了，我们沿着山路往上爬。不久，一排瀑布骤然出现在眼前，那瀑布就像巨龙飞腾，气势磅礴。这就是著名的“龙潭瀑布”，果真名不虚传，那宏伟的`气势就像“飞流直下三千尺”般壮丽。
第二天，我们来到了海滨浴场冲浪。青岛的海边美丽极了：天是一片蓝玉，海是一块翡翠，远望水天相连，蔚为壮观。我们踩在细软的沙滩上，奔向那向往已久的大海。
大海卷起一层层美丽的浪花，呼啸着向沙滩打来，一眨眼它又逃了回去，就像一群顽皮的孩子打闹着。这时，一个一米多高的大浪拥上来，我赶紧把身体背过去，一浪过去了，我就向前走几步。不一会儿，又一排大浪冲来，我赶紧往回跑……我们在海浪声中相互扑打嬉戏，绿海碧波留下了我们欢乐的笑声，那感觉正是爽极了。
青岛之旅给我留下了深刻的印象，要开学了，我多希望能有一个像去旅游那样快乐的新的开始啊！
In August 1st, we took a spring and autumn flight to the coveted coastal city of Qingdao. It is a beautiful mountain, where there are endless beach, a beautiful scenery of Laoshan, there are exquisite red trees, really is a good place for summer vacation.
We first come to the famous "famous mountain" in Laoshan. We were driving in the Laoshan mountain road, mountain peaks standing outside the window, the sky; at the foot of the mountain waves blowing and billowing waves. I felt like I was in the fairyland of the world, and I was delightful.
Mountaineering, we climbed up the mountain road. Soon, a row falls suddenly appeared in front of the waterfall like dragon soar, of great momentum. This is the famous "Longtan waterfall", the magnificent momentum really wonders, like "waterfalls three thousand feet" magnificent.
On the second day, we came to the beach and surf. The sea of Qingdao very beautiful: the sky is a turquoise sea, is a piece of jade, Yuanwang spectacular water. We stepped in the soft beach, toward the long sea.
The sea rolled up a layer of beautiful waves and whistled to the beach. In the blink of an eye it fled back like a naughty child. At this time, a one meter high waves hold up, I quickly put the body back in the past, a wave of the past, I will walk a few steps forward. In a few moments, another row of waves rushed, and I ran back... We in the sound of the waves in the sea waves play each other furiously, leaving our laughter, the feeling is very good.
The trip to Qingdao left a deep impression on me. To start school, I wish I could have a new start like going to travel.
2008奥运会英文小作文【四】
[1]Halliday，M. A. K.Language as Social Semiotic[M]. London: Arnold，1978.
[2]胡壮麟，姜望其.语言学教程[M]. 北京大学出版社，2001.
[3]Halliday，M. A. K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M]. 外语教学与研究出版社;Edward Arnold（ Publishers） Limited，2000.（2011）08-0000-00
2008奥运会英文小作文【五】
In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that too much tourists bring harm to the environment.
The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. One way is the proceof exploiting a new scenic spot. In order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment. This proceusually breaks the ecological balance of the area. In some mountainous places, trees are being cut down to build hotels for others to see and explore the beauty of the mountains. Then land slides and mud-rock flows come up. Another way the development of tourism has damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots. Some tourists don't have the awareneto protect the environment, and ignorantly throw their garbage here and there. Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.
It is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too much tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing to a minimum the pollution they cause.
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? Tourism has developed by leaps and bounds in the past de
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? Tourism has developed by leaps and bounds in the past decades in the whole world. Therefore, the issue of whether the tourism will bring harm to the environment is becoming a matter of concern. As for me, I hold that the tourism does more harm than good to the world. In the first place, the more places we travel to , the more pressure will be added to the environment. Take Dunhuang as an example, the greatest scourge these days comes from the tourists who swarm here by the busload , bring destructive amounts of carbon dioxide and moisture into the caves along with their eagernefor a glimpse of ages past . Secondly, It has become fashionable for travelers to drive a private car to the place they want to . In this case ,a large number of cars are mushroomed in the road and it cause twice as much as air pollution .At this speed ,we may live in a world which is full of dirty air instead of fresh air. In sum , although tourism is playing an indispensable we`d better try to limit role in the society , I still believe that its speed according to the harm that brings to the environment.
The world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. Bird flu and Sars are two typical examples that environmental destruction may threaten our life. Besides, forest destruction , water and air pollution result in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather.
Serious as the problem seems, we can come up with some measures to deal with it. First of all, the authorities should adopt the policy of "sustainable development", and laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforced strictly just as our government has been doing.
What' s more, every citizen should realize the seriousneof the problem and make concerted efforts to protect our environment. In addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment.
2008奥运会英文小作文【六】
Last summer holiday, I went to Beijing for a week. The first day when I took off at the capital airport , it gave me the first feeling was cleanand tidy. The people in Beijing were very friendly. T he second day, I visited Beijing city. I went to the WangFujing Ave , I tasted many famous snacksand Beijing Roast Duck, they are very delicious. I also went to the XinDongfang square, it was a very big shopping mall, it took me about half an hour to walk between two doors. I can saw many famous brands: Cucci, Chanel, Rolex, Seiko, even the new Audi cars. It made me really want to stay in Beijing .The third day I visited the Tian’anmen Square, and it’s very beautiful. And the Chang’an Ave is wide ,straight and clean. The forth day, I went to the Forbidden City. It made me felt the emperor ’ s royal mausoleum was very luxury. The fifth day I went to the Summer Palace, I went boating there. The sixth day, I visited the Great Wall, it’s very terrific, this great architectural complex told us how clever the Chinese people are ! T he last day, I visited the Beijing University ----one of the topest universities of China . There are many famous people were graduated t here.
That’s a happy travel. In the future, I want to visit many countries. This is my dream.
