为什么要管理时间英语作文【一】
organizations
who are managers
A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
How do we define who managers are
we have first-line managers, the lowest level of management ,manage the work of nonmanagerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization’s products or servicing the organization’s customers. First-line managers often have the title of supervisor, but they may also called shift managers, district managers, department managers, office managers, or even foreperson. middle managers include all levels of management between the first level and the top level of the organization. These managers manage the work of first-line managers and may have titles such as regional manager, project leader, plant manager, or division manager. At or near the upper levels of the organizational structure are the top managers, who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire organization. These individuals typically have titles such as executive vice president, president, managing director, chief operating officer, chief executive officer, or chairperson.
what is management
management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively.
Efficiency refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.
Effectiveness is often described as doing things right, that is, not wasting resources.
what do managers do
management researchers have, after many years of study, developed three specific categorization schemes to describe what managers do: functions, roles, and skills. management functions
Planning: managers define goals, establish strategies for achieving those goals, and develop plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
organizing: managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organization’s goals.
Leading: managers motivate subordinate, help resolve work group conflicts, influence individuals or teams as they work, select the most effective communication channel, or deal in any way with employee behavior issues.
controlling: managers have to monitor, compare and correct everything that is deviating. management roles
The term management roles refers to specific categories of managerial behavior.
Interpersonal roles are roles that involve people and other duties that are ceremonial symbolic in nature. The three interpersonal roles include figurehead, leader, and liaison.
Informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The three informational roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.
Decisional roles entail making decisions or choices. The four decisional roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.
management skills
Technical skills are the job-specific knowledge and techniques needed to proficiently perform specific tasks. These skills tend to be more important for lower-level managers because they typically are managing employees who are suing tools and techniques to produce the organization’s products or service the organization’s customers.
Human skills involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. Because managers deal directly with people, these skills are essential and equally important at all levels of management.
conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. Using these skills, managers must see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into its broader environment.
How the manager’s job is changing
what is an organization
An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose.
Becoming a manager
1． Keep up with current business news.
2． Read books about good and bad examples of managing.
3． Remember that one of the things good managers do is discover what is unique about each
person and capitalize on it.
4． Keep in mind the simple advice of the late Peter Drucker, who has been called the most
influential management thinker of the twentieth century: management is about people.
5． work on your soft skills—work ethic, communications, information gathering, and people
skills. These are what employers cite as the most important factors for getting jobs.
6． observe managers and how they handle people and situations.
7． Talk actual managers about their experiences—good and bad.
8． Get experience in managing by taking on leadership roles in student organizations.
9． Start thinking about whether you’d enjoy being a manager.
为什么要管理时间英语作文【二】
眼下，土地的供应要注意突出重点。对于国家重点区域、重点行业、重点项目用地，采取特殊政策予以优先保障。例如，东北老工业基地振兴，一带一路建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带建设，中国制造2025，8000公里铁路投资，还有一些大型的水利投资项目，等等。该下放的土地审批权尽快下放，能先行用地的可先行用地。至于耕地占补平衡，可暂时停止实行先补后占的规定，边补边占，把工作的原则性和灵活性结合起来。
同时，要适度加大一线城市的土地供应，特别是加大住房用地的供应，切实解决中低收入群体对住房的刚性需求和有房群体的改善性需求。对中小城市而言，则要减少土地供应，鼓励其消化住房库存，以防范和化解可能由此而引发的金融风险。
通过上述土地供应的一增一减，可以保障房地产市场平稳健康发展，从而带动建材、建筑、装修、家具、家电等近百个相关产业的正常发展。
还有，要大力推广广东城市土地二次开发的。从产权保障、城市规划、产业布局、税费征收、土地收益分配等各方面，对城市土地二次开发予以优惠，从而唤醒沉睡的低效存量建设用地。这样既能达到稳增长的效果，还可有效减少新增建设用地，大大改善城市的居住环境。
要做好土地供应工作，还应适当加快土地供应的节奏。能够简化的工作环节尽量简化，要加强有关部门的协同配合，充分发挥有关人员的主观能动性，以最快的速度保证稳增长的各类项目合法、合理落地。
为了稳定增长，充分发挥土地资本化的作用也不容忽视。各级国土部门要注意配合金融部门做好货币供应，保证市场货币的流动性。目前，金融系统近百万亿元的贷款基本都是以土地作为抵押。因此，土地政策不但直接决定土地供应的数量，也间接影响着货币供应的数量。
为此，各级国土部门一方面要结合农村土地制度改革，探索集体建设用地使用权、宅基地使用权和土地承包经营权抵押融资的途径，从而拓宽各类产业融资的.渠道，增加市场货币的流动性，保证融资贷款的安全性。
另一方面，要改革完善土地等不动产抵押登记的工作程序，尤其是应取消对债权人和债务人订立的主债权合同的审查。只要对土地等不动产抵押合同尽到合理审慎的审查义务，就应允许办理抵押登记。这样可以缩短抵押登记的时间，保证债务人尽快拿到银行贷款。
此外，国土部门还要认真协助财税部门改革完善好有关房地产的税费政策。本着“加快土地要素流动、搞活房地产市场、减轻企业负担”的原则，在对现行的房地产税费体系作出客观评价的基础上，提出建设性意见。
为什么要管理时间英语作文【三】
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we havehad about whether an entrance
fee should be charged for parks.
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.
With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?
Yours truly,
Li Hua
为什么要管理时间英语作文【四】
If I ruled the world, I would do some changes that will make the world become better. I would publicize concept of peace, and try to reduce wars. I would also try my best to reduce taxation, help poor people with their producion and make business revive. I would change education too, because it is said that the fature of a country depends on children of the country. In a way, the future of the world depends on children of the world. So I think, the education is a very important factor to make the world become better. I would reduce class-time, reduce homeworks and build many appliances for play on the playground. I would make the schools become a kind of place that kids can be happy there, and like there. I would definitely be a good leader. If somebedy gave me honor to rule the whole world, I wouldnt let him(her down. I would do anything I can do to make the world become more beautiful, more peaceful and warmer.
为什么要管理时间英语作文【五】
语言学习策略指“学习者为了使语言学习取得更好的效果而采取的各种策略，它既包括学习者为了更好地完成某个学习活动或学习任务而采取的微观策略，也包括学习者对自己的学习目标、学习过程、学习结果进行计划、调控、评估等而采取的宏观策略。一个成功的语言学习者常能根据任务的需要综合使用各种策略。使用有效的外语学习策略，不仅可以改进外语学习方式，促进语言技能的发展，还可以使学习者在语言学习中扮演更积极的角色，提高教学质量。
可见，学习者的学习策略知识对语言学习有积极的反拨效应，可以提高学生的语言水平英语教师如果能引导学生学会调整和运用英语学习策略，使他们用良好的学习策略来控制自己的学习方法和过程，就能大大提高英语学习的效率，更能帮助他们学会学习，习得终身学习的能力。但是，英语学习策略属于隐性知识，如何才能使学生了解、掌握和运用它们呢？知识管理为这一问题的解决提供了契机。
为什么要管理时间英语作文【六】
知识管理是一种有意的策略，以促使合适的人适时地获得适当的知识，并协助人们分享信息以及展开行动，增进组织效能。知识管理是个不断螺旋循环的复杂过程，涉及了知识的收集、组织、分享、调适、使用、创新等。英语学习策略的知识管理可遵循以下步骤：
（一）学习策略知识的收集
学习策略是个人长期积累而来的、智能、秘诀等，是一种体验性知识，难以从外表察觉，属于高度个人化的隐性知识。知识管理的第一步就是要收集、确认学生使用的各种各样的英语学习策略。这个过程其实就是将隐性的学习策略知识转化为显性知识的过程。要收集真实可行的学习策略，教师可以通过问卷调查、行动研究、直接观察法、访谈法、自我反省等方法，了解学生在不同的情境或学习任务下，会使用哪些学习策略；也可以在学生实际执行某项学习任务时，要求他们边做边说出整个认知历程，以分析他们所使用的学习策略（有声思考法）；或者采用同侪教导法，即在成绩好的同学教导成绩差的同学或高年级学生教导低年级学生时，记录整个过程下来，从所教内容推知其所拥有的学习策略。
（二）学习策略的整理和归类
收集到学习策略知识后，应对其进行整理和归类。首先要对所收集到的学习策略加以分析，判断和筛选出有价值的策略以便传递和共享，并根据学习策略的类型加以归类。例如，可以借鉴学习策略研究专家Oxford对英语学习策略的分类[61：
（1）记忆策略（Memorystrategies）：帮助学生存取信息；
（2）认知策略（Cognitivestrateiges）：用于学习语言活动中，包括学习者如何接受语言材料、如何组织语言知识、如何理解语言结构、如何提高语言操作的技能等；
（3）补偿策略（Compensationstrategies）：使学生在自身语言知识不足的情况下仍然能够进行交流，例如利用非语言线索猜测意思、用同义词替代或迂回解释表达等；
（4）元认知策略（Metaeognitivestrategies）：用于对自己学习策略的使用进行评价、管理和监控；
（5）情感策略（Afectivestrategies）：帮助学生控制自己的情绪、动机、态度，保持信心；
（6）社交策略（Socialstrate．iges）：使学生为了争取更多的交际机会、维持交际以提高交际效果而采取的各种策略。
（三）学习策略知识的保存
整理和归类的过程是将显性知识转化为更为复杂或更为系统化显性知识的过程，然后需要再将这种形成团体共识的知识加以外显化，成为具体、明确且可有效使用的组织知识，这就是知识的保存。学习策略知识的保存方法有两种：一种是制作成学习策略使用手册，这种保存方式简便易行；另一种是运用信息科技，将知识编码，储存在计算机数据库中，并创建网页提供在线学习，这种方式能突破时空限制，便于检索，并能提供即时反馈。
（四）学习策略知识的传播与共享
知识管理所面临的最大挑战在于促进组织更有效地分享隐性知识。唯有通过密切的交流与分享，知识才能充分获得发展并发挥最大价值，进而提高学习成效。学习策略的传播方式主要有四种：直接训练、经验总结与分享、同侪教导、个别诊断与辅导的动态评价（主要是针对个别学生，先进行问题诊断再接学习辅导）。其中，第一种途径最为普遍。
直接进行策略训练常用的方法包括：讲座与讨论、讲习班、将策略编人教科书中、基于策略的英语教学，也可以将策略训练融人课堂教学中去。不少研究发现，策略训练能弥补学生因认知能力的不足而造成对学习的不利影响，当学生再次遇到类似学习任务时，就知道如何应用，也能获得较佳的学习效果。因此专家建议，学习策略的教学应采取直接教授为佳。要在课堂上渗透英语学习策略，教师可以采用隐藏式训练方式，即通过设计好的.材料和活动训练学生使用某策略。例如，通过完成课本中的练习，学生在学习中自行确定、模仿和自我评估诸如自我监控、记}乙、合作等各种学习策略。这样，策略训练就与常规课堂教学有机地结合在—起。教师也可以在学习过程中对某一策略进行详细解说，让学生辨析策略的使用，并示范如何将该策略应用于不同的学习情境，同时系统地给学生提供练习和自我评估的机会，让他们能将所接收到的知识加以组合与理解。下表以Ofxord归纳的六种学习策略为例，举例说明了这些策略在英语的听、说、读、写各项教学活动中可进行的训练方式。当然，根据学生所处的不同学习阶段和各自特点，教师可有选择地进行策略训练。随着学习策略训练时间的增加，学生的策略意识逐渐提高，就会发展出成功组织和进行自主学习的技巧“。他们对学习策略越熟练，就越能将学习策略加以迁移到新的学习情境。这样，教师在学生学习过程中所扮演的角色会逐渐减轻，而学生的学习责任则会日渐加重，符合现今“以学习者为中心”的教育潮流。
（五）学习策略知识的创新
知识管理的最终目的是知识的变革与创新，唯有将知识创新融入到教育中，教育才能持续发展与革新。要实现学习策略的创新，一方面在直接训练或分享他人经验的基础上，学生通常能创造出新的策略知识，而这些知识又能成为下一轮收集的对象。整个流程是一个周而复始的动态循环过程。另一方面，教师之间也可以进行知识的分享与合作，捕捉实际授课过程中激发的创意，发现新的适用的学习策略。就这样，新的知识又被创造出来，继而加以传播和分享，应用于实际的教学内容与情境之中，促使全体学生不断提高学习效益。
