申论作文的写作框架【一】
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
申论作文的写作框架【二】
Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson的关联理论是在H。P。Grice的交际理论与会话含意理论的基础上发展起来的，他们合着的《关联性：交际与认知》一书中对其有很精辟的阐述。关联理论作为认知语言学一个理论给西方语用学界带来了极大影响。它将关注的核心投到人类交际与话语理解方面，其影响力已超出了语用学领域，延伸到翻译领域。因为自然语言中的每个话语都可以有多种理解，要正确的理解自然语言，就必须通过语境来寻找信息的关联，然后根据话语和语境的关联进行推理。而翻译中为达到语用等效，其前提正是正确地理解自然语言。因此，关联理论就成为可以指导翻译的语用翻译理论。
申论作文的写作框架【三】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
申论作文的写作框架【四】
（一）标点符号需要独立占格
这是标点符号最基本的格式，很多考生惯于将标点符号点在字的右下角，平时不是很显眼。但，公务员考试是有格子的，而标点符号的格式在评分标准中有明确的要求，所以必须习惯于将标点符号也当成文字的一个独立部分。单独占格的标点符号一般有以下几种：逗号、分号、冒号、问号、叹号、句号、顿号等。需要占双格的标点符号一般有如下几种：破折号、省略号、引号、书名号、括号等。对于双格标点符号，一定要注意即使是多个格子也依然要将其写成一个整体。但是如果遇到以下几种特殊情况，则需要做特殊处理。
（二）标点符号的特殊格式
1、除了《 “ ——这三种情况，其他的标点符号（包括 》 ” ）一律不能顶格写，如果在末格写完文字需要除以上三种情况之外的标点符号，就在字的右下角标出；破折号和省略号需要占双格，但是如果出现在最后一个，就只需要占一格即可，不能将其分成两个部分。
2、《 “ 这两种情况不能在末格出现，如果出现在末格，或者与文字挤在一格，或者移到下一行出现。
申论作文的写作框架【五】
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
申论作文的写作框架【六】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
申论作文的写作框架【七】
万事开头难，文章开头更是万难之中的最难。但由于“首因定律”的影响，开头对于文章又是最为重要的部分。特别是在考场文章中，阅卷人阅读时间较短的情况下，文章开头就直接影响着整篇文章的印象。总的来说，文章开头很重要，但不好写。
所谓议论文，简单来说就是申明主张、说服他人的文体，其核心诉求在于让他人认同作者的主张。在文章写作中，尽快的.表明主张一定是使文章有节有次、有方向路径的重要手段。因此，文章开头表明观点主张一定是最重要的功能，即在文章开头需要去阐述主张观点，使文章呈现出先叙后议的节次。例如国考20xx年副省要在开头表明“城乡文明、人造与自然文明之间的关系是互补的”这个核心观点;18年副省要表明“科学、艺术和古文化是想象力的源泉”这一核心主张。
在明确这样的核心原则之后，文章开头就变得简单了，最简单的方法就直接阐述出文章中心论点作为开头，例如人民日报评论员文章“大力推进高校治理能力建设”的开头就是：“在推进双一流高校建设进程中，我们要紧紧围绕为党育人、为国育才，找准问题、破解难题，以一流意识和担当精神，大力推进高校的治理能力建设。”短短的68字阐述中心思想，即可作为开头。
但如果直接阐述观点，其实就会陷入另两种困境，一是开头简短，论证段难以充实的困境;二是观点得出唯有铺垫，阅卷人难以接受，有突兀的感觉的困境。此两种困境，为文章后续不能发挥出色，将成为致命缺陷。因此，在表明思想观点之前我们常常要有所铺垫，先叙前言、再叙观点。而这个铺垫的目的其实就只是告知读者观点得出的依据是什么，把自己得出观点的过程说明出来而已，而叶圣陶又在《文章例话》中有言：任何想法都出于客观现实，于是我们可以得出这样的文章开头思路：阐述客观事实(此是后续观点得出的依据，进而对事实进行分析，最后得出观点。此三步就是文章写作的基本逻辑思路，这并非我们瞎捉摸的，此三步符号“八股文”的开头写法，即破题+承题+起讲;此三步又可以衍生出许多技巧出来，小编申论开头的归纳概括式、转折递进式、案例分析式的方法都是出于这个思路逻辑。
于是，我们在作答申论的议论文时，对于开头，只需要立足材料，把握材料引出中心思想的根据，再把材料的根据作为开头的铺垫就可以呈现为一个思路清晰、内容准确的文章开头了。
申论作文分论点论证之举例论证
谈到写作文，不少学生觉得好难，特别是作文分论点的论证。要么觉得无话可说，要么觉得论证无力，不能很好支持分论点。那小编就来跟大家讨论一下这个问题。我们在论证分论点的时候可以采用道理论证，举例论证，还可以采用道理与举例相结合的论证方式。这里，我们主要来说说举例论证。
首先，举例论证的例子从哪里来选取呢?如果给定资料里有可以使用的案例，我们可以适量使用。但不要大量案例都依赖于材料。当然还需要大家平时勤加积累，在作文举例论证中最好使用积累到的热点，典故等。其次，明确了案例来源，又该如何塑造和提取案例呢?我们可以使用主体、处境、做法、结果四大要素将案例从众多文字或者脑海中提取出来。最后，在论证中，对于精华案例，比如：新鲜又贴切的热点，我们可采用一个案例精讲详细论证，既不让阅卷者感到乏味，也能保证分论点的字数。当担心单一案例字数不够时，可以使用正反两个案例对比论证，形成一种对比冲突，增强文学性。当对于所用案例记忆不全面时，还可以多个同类型案例排比论证。在下面给大家附上一个例子：
两个案例对比：
转变思路，完善居家养老，让老人乐享亲情。与儿女的情感交流是老人乐享天伦不可或缺的部分。如果缺少子女的关怀与问候，独守“老窝”的晚年自然不会幸福。某社区王女士数十年如一日照顾自己卧病的婆婆，繁忙中不忘关心老人的心理状况，分享老人的悲愁，传为当地的一段佳话。然而也有记者采访一位被诈骗的老人，老人说只有保健品推销员关心她，陪她聊天，帮做家务，甚至给她洗脚做护理，比儿子还亲，就算知道这是糖衣炮弹她也愿意吃。由此可见，老人对于情感关怀的需求之迫切。这就需要子女转变思路，尽量抽出时间多与老人相处，同时也可充分利用新媒体等加强与父母沟通，让老人感受到亲情的关怀，乐享天伦。
申论真题 申论答案 申论热点 申论范文 申论答题技巧
