四年级作文结构框架【一】
还有四十五分钟就要交卷了，我心里默念着，手心里冒出了细微的汗。很快，我的手上都可以滴出水来了，我的心不由自主地加速了跳动的频率……
马上就要交卷，我的作文仍一个字没动。都怪我太失算了，前面的基础知识题就花了我90分钟，当我看到手表指针指向10：30时，我大叫不好，差点喊出来让监考老师听到了。到那时，我就不用担心作文写不完了，因为我肯定已经被逐出了考场。
再看看作文题，这位为作文命题的智者，我真该谢谢他（她），这个时候我就是再怎么灵动也想不出怎么写水的灵动啊。换一个吧！乖乖！山的沉稳。我都紧张成这样了，他（她）还想让我写沉稳。我的心又是一阵狂跳……
五分钟后，我的心出奇的静下来了。紧张，是没有用的，那玩意不能让我写出一篇作文来。我得仔细地构思一下，以山的沉稳的心态。嗯！一个绝妙的念头（至少我认为是绝妙的）在我脑海中一纵即逝，我忽然明白了什么叫水的灵动。
嘻嘻！我狡黠地一笑，继续构思起本人的大作来。无意中扭头一看，天哪！就剩四十分钟了，我眼泪都要流出来了，我可是苦读了十一年啊！可不能让一篇作文把我即将到手的正果给毁了。
我继续静下心构思起来……
嗯……差不多了，还有半个小时，估计够写，美中不足的是，得为我的大作起个名字。一个平凡无比但又非常实际的题目呈现脑中，我一激动就写了上去。
我的心终于完全静了下来。哈哈，看来我也是具有山的沉稳这一个性的嘛！即使偶然会山崩或滑坡，也掩盖不了我沉稳的本色。对了，我肯定还有水的灵动的优点，很明显嘛，只有双剑合璧才能写出如此大作来。
至于最后评卷时，评卷老师喜欢不喜欢，我倒不甚介意，因为究竟我把作文写出来了。这是我的成功，高分谁不想得，但那是要凭实力的。
四年级作文结构框架【二】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
四年级作文结构框架【三】
也许，我们从来都是认为自己是一个普通人，没有真正的体会，我们永远也不会知道什么叫做身在福中不知福，，不知道，其实，我们都是幸运儿，我们都拥有上帝的眷顾。
星期五下午，因为身体不适，所以请了一节课的假，让妈妈带我去医院检查一下，从医院出来，已经将近12点了，我们便匆匆回家，在京客隆门口，我们看到一个阿姨和一个跟我年龄相仿的女孩在卖菜，妈妈走过去想买点菜，我便也跟了过去，妈妈在挑菜，我无聊的四周，目光无意重与那个女孩相撞，我看到她的眼睛直勾勾的望着我身上的校服和肩上的书包，一直盯着，我不知道是不是我把校服脱了她就不会一直看着我了，我只觉得我很不习惯这样长时间的被别人欣赏。
妈妈在一旁叫她，让她帮忙称菜，我终于听到了她的声音：4块1，收您4块吧!天啊，那声音沙哑的仿佛饱经沧桑，如果用我的声音与她相比，简直堪称天籁!，现在轮到我欣赏她了，她应该被我看的很不好意思，便起身向一旁走去，我向我应该知趣的把视线从她身上移开了，可是我却努力寻找借口向把目光继续停留在她身上：我要看看她的裤子好不好看。
我的眼睛就这样定格在她的腿上。
她是一个小儿麻痹患者
妙龄少女，豆蔻年华，不在安静的教室里读书，却冒着正午的太阳帮母亲卖菜!我知道，在她出生的那一刻就伴随着她的人生的一万种可能，如今应该都消失的差不多了吧
妈妈叫我快点回家了。
我和她的目光最后撞击一瞬，然后我就留给她一个完美而残忍的背影。
我开始庆幸，庆幸我是幸运的，我有家人疼我呵护我，我有朋友帮助我，我有老师教育我，我有同学鼓励我，我才醒悟，幸福就是这样，有好多人可以依偎
我是幸福的，起码我不用在烈日下卖菜。
我是幸福的，起码我可以上学，可以在宽敞明亮的教师里读书。
而对于她，我只能替她默默的惋惜，我没有那么大的本事帮她改变命运
下午跟同学结伴上学，我们谈笑风生，我又看到了她，她正把一袋子菜慢慢的放在称上
四年级作文结构框架【四】
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
四年级作文结构框架【五】
关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下，从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写，把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程，在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，达到翻译这一交际的目的。
参考文献：
[1]Gutt，Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance：Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford：Blackwell，1991。
[2]Sperber，D。& Wilson，D。Relevance：Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford： Blackwell，1986。
[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究，1999，（3）。
[4]蒋坚松，黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000。
[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007。
四年级作文结构框架【六】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
